Module 5


This week’s reading was over chapters 12, 14, and 15.  Chapter 12 was about motivation in learning and teaching.  This was interesting to me because not only was this the chapter I picked for my test and I also chose motivation for my research paper.  After the initial explanation of motivation, the chapter talks about Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation.  Along with my research and reading this chapter I realize that I personally respond better to Intrinsic motivation then extrinsic.  The chapter continues and tells us the correlation between motivation and needs.  The chapter then introduces us to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.  Then when it comes to needs, we should also discuss self-determination.  This is the theory that everyone needs to feel competent.  There is also the need for autonomy.  The next thing the chapter talks about is goals and goal orientations.  Goals tie into motivation because you need to have a goal to be motivated to accomplish.  There are four types of goals, and they are specific, elaborated, moderately difficult, and proximal.  Specific and elaborate goals provide clear standards of what is to be accomplish.  Proximal goals are goals that will be reached in the near future.  Moderate difficulty provides a challenge, but not unreasonable.  The next thing I enjoyed reading about was the section of mindset.  I feel many students have a fixed mindset which is when abilities are stable and unchanged.  I hope to institute more of a growth mindset in my classroom.  I want the students to feel that they can change and improve their abilities
The next chapter is 14 and it is all about teaching every student.  To be able to teach every student you need to become an effective teacher.  There are a couple of characteristics that makes someone an effective teacher.  They are clarity and organization and enthusiasm and warmth.  All these will provide my students an inviting safe environment to learn.  A teacher needs knowledge to be an effective expert teacher.  If a teacher has pedagogical content knowledge, they have knowledge of some content and how to teach that content.  The chapter then next discusses what is needed to be an effective teacher.  The first step is Planning.  There are several types of planning and there is no single model to use.  Next comes teaching approaches.  There are a few different approaches to put plans into action.  The first is direct instruction which is the orderly way of instruction for mastery.  The next approach is seatwork, which is students doing work on their own at a desk.  This approach should follow a lesson, but there needs to be supervise practice.  The last one is homework and is self-explanatory.  There are a lot of positive and negative feelings of homework.  The proponents of homework feel that it is important to develop mental discipline.  Some of the opponents to homework feel that is does nothing to improve achievement.  Students get bored and weary of learning.  Then when the students take work home and get help from parents sometimes it hurts more then helps the students.  I feel homework is important, but I also know that there is not any reason to give homework every day.  Next we need to discuss questioning and discussions.  As a teacher we need to make sure to ask deep open-ended questions.  You also need to make sure you keep your response to student answers positive. 
The last chapter talks about assessments, grades and standardized testing.  I think we need to use formative assessments throughout the lesson.  It is better to give feedback to the students during the lesson then after the lesson when they may fail the test you might give.  I feel that summative assessments at the end is very vital.  You have to be very careful when using tests as assessments.  You have to make sure the test is reliable and there are no errors.  The chapter then talks about the different types of test like Multiple choice tests.  These tests can be useful if you ask the students to use a higher thinking instead of just recall.  Standardized testing has many critics because so many teachers start to teach to the test because so many of the schools push better test scores.  So, the students do not always learn what they need to.    I feel that the use of all types of assessments are important.  The use of tests combined with projects is more effective then just tests.

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